Green grid association (support green energy technology and energy companies global organization) to be released a white paper to calculate the carbon into green technology's influence on pipe fitting 45 degree LR elbows data center.According to the association of green grid part, according to a study of green environmental protection will increase the cost of electricity.
The following data is based on an assumption in the Midwest running of power plant.
If 25% of the energy is green, and ASME B16.9 Butt Welded reducing tee green electricity "hybrid" rates of carbon is $0.051 per kilowatt hour (kw - hr), carbon emissions by 25%.If green energy accounted for 50%, the price will rise to $0.063 per KWH, carbon emissions by 46%.
If 100% is green energy, the price will be as high as $0.093 per kilowatt hour, carbon emissions reached 95%.There is no Electric Resistance welding carbon steel tube doubt that, according to the new epa regulations, and control of power plant emissions of greenhouse gases will increase data center electricity costs, which could encourage data center energy efficiency.
Data center ready?
Application and content delivery technology as a service provider's technologies, environmental sustainability director nicole peill - moelter said, everybody attention to the data center energy efficiency is different.Global operations in data center, data center and use a third party. Although its data center's continuous efforts to improve energy efficiency, but some's use of some backward third-party data center, data center doesn't even have deployed some basic energy efficiency measures.
Wednesday, August 28, 2013
Tuesday, August 27, 2013
Corporate pre-trial devolved to change departments at the provincial level
The national development and reform commission recently issued the "notice on further improve the work of enterprise bond issuance, decided to the current corporate bonds by the national development and reform commission, the preliminary work, commissioned to R=3D 45 degree Pipe Fitting Bend departments at the provincial level, the national development and reform commission will in future make policy guidance, business management training and qualifications. At the same time, notice to further standardize the corporate-bond issuance behavior and puts forward the specific requirements to carry out the cultivation of clean government. The personage inside course of study analysis, the move at the same time, improve the efficiency of corporate bonds issued further against the market risk, help the health work of corporate-bond issuance.
Notice to further clarify the corporate audit program flow. Among them, the local debt enterprise according to the program will be after the issuance of the application materials submitted to Long Radius 90 Deg carbon seamless elbow departments at the provincial level, provincial level change departments should be completed within 15 working days is intended to work. Hair change department at the provincial level to pre-trial materials submitted to the national development and reform commission, for in conformity with the relevant provisions of the "classes" to accelerate and simplify the audit's application for bond issuance, the national development and reform commission will further improve the efficiency of auditing. For "appropriate scale and rhythm control class", "class" strictly audit issuance application, the high-frequency ERW carbon steel tube national development and reform commission according to the national macro economic and financial situation and the macroeconomic regulation and control requirements, dynamic adjustment to accept the threshold, the reasonable control the scale of the bond. )Based on previous corporate-bond issuance process, hair change department at the provincial level only responsible for corporate application materials information, on a comprehensive review of pre-trial work, issuance of materials is performed by the national development and reform commission. Owing to the heavy duty, pre-trial work so send pre-trial right down to the provincial department, is beneficial to the forces of change departments at the provincial level, further improve the speed for examination and approval of corporate bonds.
Request to prevent risks, the provincial development and reform commission (NDRC) department is responsible for the preliminary work, shall establish a comprehensive corporate credit commitment system, signed a corporate credit pledge, guarantee the issuance of the application materials after the pre-qualification submitted strictly conform to the requirements of the various policy, documentation is accurate, complete and default faithless promise pre-trial work problems to receive the corresponding punishment. The national development and reform commission will regularly pre-trial work of provincial quality spot check, the pre-trial strengthen supervise the guidance quality is not high, can recover the pre-qualification when necessary.
Notice to further clarify the corporate audit program flow. Among them, the local debt enterprise according to the program will be after the issuance of the application materials submitted to Long Radius 90 Deg carbon seamless elbow departments at the provincial level, provincial level change departments should be completed within 15 working days is intended to work. Hair change department at the provincial level to pre-trial materials submitted to the national development and reform commission, for in conformity with the relevant provisions of the "classes" to accelerate and simplify the audit's application for bond issuance, the national development and reform commission will further improve the efficiency of auditing. For "appropriate scale and rhythm control class", "class" strictly audit issuance application, the high-frequency ERW carbon steel tube national development and reform commission according to the national macro economic and financial situation and the macroeconomic regulation and control requirements, dynamic adjustment to accept the threshold, the reasonable control the scale of the bond. )Based on previous corporate-bond issuance process, hair change department at the provincial level only responsible for corporate application materials information, on a comprehensive review of pre-trial work, issuance of materials is performed by the national development and reform commission. Owing to the heavy duty, pre-trial work so send pre-trial right down to the provincial department, is beneficial to the forces of change departments at the provincial level, further improve the speed for examination and approval of corporate bonds.
Request to prevent risks, the provincial development and reform commission (NDRC) department is responsible for the preliminary work, shall establish a comprehensive corporate credit commitment system, signed a corporate credit pledge, guarantee the issuance of the application materials after the pre-qualification submitted strictly conform to the requirements of the various policy, documentation is accurate, complete and default faithless promise pre-trial work problems to receive the corresponding punishment. The national development and reform commission will regularly pre-trial work of provincial quality spot check, the pre-trial strengthen supervise the guidance quality is not high, can recover the pre-qualification when necessary.
Monday, August 19, 2013
Four to 50 billion to issue bonds on its own
On its own debt issuance is between the agent and local completely independent transition between forms. According to the ministry of finance released the 2013 local government bond issuance by the measures for the pilot, still said "out" by the central finance, only made further defined in terms of underwriting, bidding
This year on July 4, the ministry of 6" sch80 galvanized carbon steel pipe finance to expand the scope of debt issuance by pilot, two new jiangsu and shandong provinces to issuance of the pilot. Earlier, four pilot areas of Shanghai, zhejiang, guangdong and shenzhen respectively. Over the past two years, four pilot provinces and cities to the size of the debt is not large, in 2011 and 2012, the issuance of 22.9 billion yuan and 28.9 billion yuan respectively, the average to each province only billions of scale.
And shandong as provinces of debt on their own for the carbon steel seamless eccentric reducer first time, the scale will reach 11.2 billion yuan, accounted for almost one-third of the places to issuance last year.
According to shandong financial department notice, the number of local government debt is divided into five - and seven-year score keeping fixed rate FuXiZhai two varieties, each species total plans to issue value of 5.6 billion yuan. Will begin on August 23, morning tender, on August 26, ASTM A234 socket welding pipe fitting tee began issuing and plan breath, release end on August 28.
Also according to the announcement, the new pilot to debt issuance this year, jiangsu province has reached 15.3 billion yuan, is expected to 9 to 10 months.
In 2012, China's total issued 250 billion yuan of local government bonds, which the ministry of finance agency issued amount is 221.1 billion yuan, Shanghai etc. 4 to issuance of 28.9 billion yuan, this year, the Treasury issuing local government debt scale plan for 350 billion yuan, in 100 billion yuan, year on year growth of 40%.
This year on July 4, the ministry of 6" sch80 galvanized carbon steel pipe finance to expand the scope of debt issuance by pilot, two new jiangsu and shandong provinces to issuance of the pilot. Earlier, four pilot areas of Shanghai, zhejiang, guangdong and shenzhen respectively. Over the past two years, four pilot provinces and cities to the size of the debt is not large, in 2011 and 2012, the issuance of 22.9 billion yuan and 28.9 billion yuan respectively, the average to each province only billions of scale.
And shandong as provinces of debt on their own for the carbon steel seamless eccentric reducer first time, the scale will reach 11.2 billion yuan, accounted for almost one-third of the places to issuance last year.
According to shandong financial department notice, the number of local government debt is divided into five - and seven-year score keeping fixed rate FuXiZhai two varieties, each species total plans to issue value of 5.6 billion yuan. Will begin on August 23, morning tender, on August 26, ASTM A234 socket welding pipe fitting tee began issuing and plan breath, release end on August 28.
Also according to the announcement, the new pilot to debt issuance this year, jiangsu province has reached 15.3 billion yuan, is expected to 9 to 10 months.
In 2012, China's total issued 250 billion yuan of local government bonds, which the ministry of finance agency issued amount is 221.1 billion yuan, Shanghai etc. 4 to issuance of 28.9 billion yuan, this year, the Treasury issuing local government debt scale plan for 350 billion yuan, in 100 billion yuan, year on year growth of 40%.
Promote the reform of railway investment and financing system
Railway is the national important infrastructure and people's livelihood project, is a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly mode of transportation. Railway investment and financing system reform, accelerate the railway construction, to accelerate the process of industrialization and urbanization, driving the development of relevant industries, reasonable stimulating investment growth, optimize the transportation structure, reduce social logistics cost, convenience of people's travel security, has an irreplaceable role. In recent years, China's railway development has made remarkable achievements, but with the economic and social development needs, 90 degree pipe fitting long radius elbow other modes of transport, compared with foreign advanced level, the railway still is the weak link of the comprehensive transportation system, the development is relatively lagging. At present, the railway management system has been reformed gigantically, implements the separate government functions from enterprise management, to deepen the reform of the railway investment and financing system, better play to the role of the government and market, to promote sustained development of railway has created favorable conditions.
Facing the new situation of railway development new requirements, considering the railway construction project reserves, preparation and construction of power, such as conditions, should accelerate the construction of "twelfth five-year" railway, strive for, 2013 investment plan earnestly construction arrangement in the next year or two. Priority to the construction of railway and related facilities, the Midwest and poor areas to promote poverty reduction, and promote the regional harmonious development, actively yet prudently proceed with urbanization, conform to the masses to improve production and living conditions, increasing the income of urgent hope. Smoothly in ANSI B16.9 A234 WPB 180 Deg Elbow order to ensure the construction project, project completed on schedule, the production of the new project implemented quickly, comprehensively implement the "twelfth five-year" planning railway development goals, put forward the following opinions:
Promote the reform of railway investment and financing system, multi-media through various channels to raise construction funds. According to the "overall planning, diversified investment, market operation, policy supporting" the basic train of thought, perfect the railway development plan, fully open railway construction market, classification of new railway construction investment. To let go of the local government and social Electric Resistance welding carbon steel tube capital (rural) railway, intercity railway, xiamen city developing resources of railway and regional railway ownership and management rights, encourage social capital investment in railway. Research fund set up railway development, as the guide, to the central fiscal fund to attract social legal person. Railway development fund for major investment projects as prescribed by the state, social legal persons not directly involved in the railway construction and operation, but guarantee the stability of its access to a reasonable return. Three years after the "twelfth five-year", continue to issue government-backed railway construction bonds, and railway bonds varieties and innovative way.
Facing the new situation of railway development new requirements, considering the railway construction project reserves, preparation and construction of power, such as conditions, should accelerate the construction of "twelfth five-year" railway, strive for, 2013 investment plan earnestly construction arrangement in the next year or two. Priority to the construction of railway and related facilities, the Midwest and poor areas to promote poverty reduction, and promote the regional harmonious development, actively yet prudently proceed with urbanization, conform to the masses to improve production and living conditions, increasing the income of urgent hope. Smoothly in ANSI B16.9 A234 WPB 180 Deg Elbow order to ensure the construction project, project completed on schedule, the production of the new project implemented quickly, comprehensively implement the "twelfth five-year" planning railway development goals, put forward the following opinions:
Promote the reform of railway investment and financing system, multi-media through various channels to raise construction funds. According to the "overall planning, diversified investment, market operation, policy supporting" the basic train of thought, perfect the railway development plan, fully open railway construction market, classification of new railway construction investment. To let go of the local government and social Electric Resistance welding carbon steel tube capital (rural) railway, intercity railway, xiamen city developing resources of railway and regional railway ownership and management rights, encourage social capital investment in railway. Research fund set up railway development, as the guide, to the central fiscal fund to attract social legal person. Railway development fund for major investment projects as prescribed by the state, social legal persons not directly involved in the railway construction and operation, but guarantee the stability of its access to a reasonable return. Three years after the "twelfth five-year", continue to issue government-backed railway construction bonds, and railway bonds varieties and innovative way.
Wednesday, August 14, 2013
China's economic growth potential and sources
In hu angang's view, the Chinese government in the future economic growth target at 7%, is a high growth targets, implement double G D P total 10 years. So according to his understanding, 7% is the 114mm carbon seamless steel pipe china suppliers bottom line of China's economic growth during this period.
So the next twenty years, is refers to the 2011 to 2030, China's economic growth rate how high? , according to research led by hu angang group during the period of 2011-2030, without considering the ecological constraint conditions, reckons that China's potential growth rate G D P interval for 5. 9% and 9. 2%, the actual G D P growth potential in 7. 9%. When considering the energy supply, resource consumption, ecological environment, carbon dioxide emissions four hard constraints, but also take into account the development goals of the Chinese government is no longer the pursuit of high growth, but the pursuit of quality of growth, lower economic growth, then, moderate growth rate of 7.5% over the next 20 years. Among them, the moderate growth rate of 8% during the 2011-2020. Moderate growth rate of 7% during the 2021-2030.
From the source of economic growth, had the advantage of the following aspects:
First, China is still maintaining high domestic savings rate and domestic investment, material capital investment growth rate ANSI Sch40 butt welding eccentric reducer pipe fittings is still maintaining high growth.
Second, China remained relatively high growth rate of human capital. Education, talent, and the rapid development of science and technology, has brought the higher value-added human capital for China dividend, as a direct positive effect and the surplus offset and more than reduce the negative effects brought by the "demographic dividend".
Third, the growth rate of labor input in the whole society fell, but the non-agricultural employment in cities and towns and sustained growth. This results the structure effect of two aspects: one is to accelerate the "industrialization" or "non-agricultural", a sharp fall in agricultural labor force, and from low productivity of agricultural sector to high productivity of the non-agricultural sector, is conducive to improving the social labor productivity level; Two is to accelerate the "urbanization", rural labor astm a53/a106 gr.b carbon steel tube Sch 20 LSAW steel pipe declined dramatically, and from the low level of consumption of rural towns transferred to higher consumer spending and has proved to be a large number of rural labor transfer to urban areas, to constantly improve the level of consumption of the whole society.
Fourth, to maintain economic growth is the key to improve the total factor productivity (T F P). From a technical level gap between China and the most developed countries, China also has the very big can make full use of advantage of backwardness ""; Come from China's independent innovation ability, more and more strong, not only will be keep pace with the United States, the European Union, the world's innovation center and can be used the size of the market is more and more big, with the same size as the United States, the European Union effect; Three efficiency from a technical perspective, China also has greatly improved space. We estimate that between 2011 and 2030, total factor growth rate of 3. 6%, driven by factors to innovation driven significant change.
So the next twenty years, is refers to the 2011 to 2030, China's economic growth rate how high? , according to research led by hu angang group during the period of 2011-2030, without considering the ecological constraint conditions, reckons that China's potential growth rate G D P interval for 5. 9% and 9. 2%, the actual G D P growth potential in 7. 9%. When considering the energy supply, resource consumption, ecological environment, carbon dioxide emissions four hard constraints, but also take into account the development goals of the Chinese government is no longer the pursuit of high growth, but the pursuit of quality of growth, lower economic growth, then, moderate growth rate of 7.5% over the next 20 years. Among them, the moderate growth rate of 8% during the 2011-2020. Moderate growth rate of 7% during the 2021-2030.
From the source of economic growth, had the advantage of the following aspects:
First, China is still maintaining high domestic savings rate and domestic investment, material capital investment growth rate ANSI Sch40 butt welding eccentric reducer pipe fittings is still maintaining high growth.
Second, China remained relatively high growth rate of human capital. Education, talent, and the rapid development of science and technology, has brought the higher value-added human capital for China dividend, as a direct positive effect and the surplus offset and more than reduce the negative effects brought by the "demographic dividend".
Third, the growth rate of labor input in the whole society fell, but the non-agricultural employment in cities and towns and sustained growth. This results the structure effect of two aspects: one is to accelerate the "industrialization" or "non-agricultural", a sharp fall in agricultural labor force, and from low productivity of agricultural sector to high productivity of the non-agricultural sector, is conducive to improving the social labor productivity level; Two is to accelerate the "urbanization", rural labor astm a53/a106 gr.b carbon steel tube Sch 20 LSAW steel pipe declined dramatically, and from the low level of consumption of rural towns transferred to higher consumer spending and has proved to be a large number of rural labor transfer to urban areas, to constantly improve the level of consumption of the whole society.
Fourth, to maintain economic growth is the key to improve the total factor productivity (T F P). From a technical level gap between China and the most developed countries, China also has the very big can make full use of advantage of backwardness ""; Come from China's independent innovation ability, more and more strong, not only will be keep pace with the United States, the European Union, the world's innovation center and can be used the size of the market is more and more big, with the same size as the United States, the European Union effect; Three efficiency from a technical perspective, China also has greatly improved space. We estimate that between 2011 and 2030, total factor growth rate of 3. 6%, driven by factors to innovation driven significant change.
Tuesday, August 13, 2013
The economic development of China's three major mechanisms
Professor hu angang, said why Michael spence publicly acknowledged that western scholars and research institutions of China estimated that "all wrong"? This is because they only see the "digital China", but ignore the "mechanism" in China, only get used to the surface layer of research and technical economic model calculation, overlooked the economic development of China's unique mechanism of deep research and field survey. More cases, they are "only see local, not see all the, only see trees, don't see the forest". This and we advocate of "seek truth from facts" ideological line and materialist dialectics methodology is very different.
So, what is the mechanism of China's economic development? How did they live up to their role? Said hu angang, usually, pipe fitting 45 degree LR elbows in most countries, the development depend mainly on market mechanism, the mechanism of the entrepreneur as the main body of creating wealth, is supporting the government mechanism, service, and this is what we commonly see capitalism market economy system, despite the "American", "European style", "Japanese style" and so on the different type, there are also "Singapore", "South Korea", "Indian" emerging economies such as different types. And China is "unique".
China's development is a combination of three trends: one is the natural trend of development, the second is the macro planning under the guidance of market driven, three is the national development planning and strategic guidance. Our forecast for China's long-term development is to fully consider the three trends of organic connection, interaction and mutual superposition.
The first mechanism is a natural trend. It reflects the basic situation of China's development, the development stage and the development potential and limiting conditions, reflected the social main body, such as consumers, investors, producers of spontaneous demand and economic and social behavior, can is the objective trend of the observed 45 degree short radius pipe fitting elbows values. As many economic and social indicators as per capita income and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth trend and the change trend, it has nothing to do with the government's policy variables, but also known as the government to formulate development plan for important reference. We can use the scientific method for prospective prediction and calculation, also can find some reference from the international comparison, discover new trends from the international experience. From the perspective of Chinese culture, is to "go with the flow", follow the natural law, economic law, social law, including the international trend, "to help its natural" is possible.
The second mechanism is the macro planning under the guidance of market driving mechanism. Enterprises, whether state-owned enterprises or private enterprises, domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises, is the market main body, the subjects of investment, innovation, service main body, is the main body of social wealth, including the material wealth and spiritual wealth. The government will need to provide effective public service, good investment environment, the safety of production and living conditions, 90 degree pipe fitting long radius elbow thus reducing the external cost and risk of the enterprise; Make industrial development planning, regional development planning and industrial policies to guide and provide direction for the development of enterprise information, policy guidance, to overcome the blindness and anarchy; Making simple business registration yearly check system, market admittance threshold, the market competition rules and regulations, to ensure fair competition in the market, to avoid vicious competition, prevent monopoly competition; Set standards for environmental protection, health, health and safety standards, etc., to encourage the "fittest"; Low taxes, simplify the procedure of tax, arouse the enthusiasm of tens of millions of enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households and entrepreneurial skills.
The third mechanism is the national development planning guidance. This is the government through the rational allocation of public resources and effective use of public power, to influence the index of the actual development trend, promote its development speed (encouraging index), or to limit its development trend (binding forces), it reflects the government planning and the visible hand.
So, what is the mechanism of China's economic development? How did they live up to their role? Said hu angang, usually, pipe fitting 45 degree LR elbows in most countries, the development depend mainly on market mechanism, the mechanism of the entrepreneur as the main body of creating wealth, is supporting the government mechanism, service, and this is what we commonly see capitalism market economy system, despite the "American", "European style", "Japanese style" and so on the different type, there are also "Singapore", "South Korea", "Indian" emerging economies such as different types. And China is "unique".
China's development is a combination of three trends: one is the natural trend of development, the second is the macro planning under the guidance of market driven, three is the national development planning and strategic guidance. Our forecast for China's long-term development is to fully consider the three trends of organic connection, interaction and mutual superposition.
The first mechanism is a natural trend. It reflects the basic situation of China's development, the development stage and the development potential and limiting conditions, reflected the social main body, such as consumers, investors, producers of spontaneous demand and economic and social behavior, can is the objective trend of the observed 45 degree short radius pipe fitting elbows values. As many economic and social indicators as per capita income and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth trend and the change trend, it has nothing to do with the government's policy variables, but also known as the government to formulate development plan for important reference. We can use the scientific method for prospective prediction and calculation, also can find some reference from the international comparison, discover new trends from the international experience. From the perspective of Chinese culture, is to "go with the flow", follow the natural law, economic law, social law, including the international trend, "to help its natural" is possible.
The second mechanism is the macro planning under the guidance of market driving mechanism. Enterprises, whether state-owned enterprises or private enterprises, domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises, is the market main body, the subjects of investment, innovation, service main body, is the main body of social wealth, including the material wealth and spiritual wealth. The government will need to provide effective public service, good investment environment, the safety of production and living conditions, 90 degree pipe fitting long radius elbow thus reducing the external cost and risk of the enterprise; Make industrial development planning, regional development planning and industrial policies to guide and provide direction for the development of enterprise information, policy guidance, to overcome the blindness and anarchy; Making simple business registration yearly check system, market admittance threshold, the market competition rules and regulations, to ensure fair competition in the market, to avoid vicious competition, prevent monopoly competition; Set standards for environmental protection, health, health and safety standards, etc., to encourage the "fittest"; Low taxes, simplify the procedure of tax, arouse the enthusiasm of tens of millions of enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households and entrepreneurial skills.
The third mechanism is the national development planning guidance. This is the government through the rational allocation of public resources and effective use of public power, to influence the index of the actual development trend, promote its development speed (encouraging index), or to limit its development trend (binding forces), it reflects the government planning and the visible hand.
China's economic growth potential and sources
In hu angang's view, the Chinese government in the future economic growth target at 7%, is a high growth targets, implement double G D P total 10 years. So according to his understanding, 7% is the bottom line of China's economic growth during this period.
So the next twenty years, is refers to the 2011 to 2030, China's economic growth rate how high? , according to research pipe fitting 45 degree LR elbows led by hu angang group during the period of 2011-2030, without considering the ecological constraint conditions, reckons that China's potential growth rate G D P interval for 5. 9% and 9. 2%, the actual G D P growth potential in 7. 9%. When considering the energy supply, resource consumption, ecological environment, carbon dioxide emissions four hard constraints, but also take into account the development goals of the Chinese government is no longer the pursuit of high growth, but the pursuit of quality of growth, lower economic growth, then, moderate growth rate of 7.5% over the next 20 years. Among them, the moderate growth rate of 8% during the 2011-2020. Moderate growth rate of 7% during the 2021-2030.
From the source of economic growth, had the advantage of the following aspects:
First, China is still maintaining high domestic savings rate and domestic investment, material capital investment 45 degree short radius pipe fitting elbows growth rate is still maintaining high growth.
Second, China remained relatively high growth rate of human capital. Education, talent, and the rapid development of science and technology, has brought the higher value-added human capital for China dividend, as a direct positive effect and the surplus offset and more than reduce the negative effects brought by the "demographic dividend".
Third, the growth rate of labor input in the whole society fell, but the non-agricultural employment in cities and towns and sustained growth. This results the structure effect of two aspects: one is to accelerate the "industrialization" or "non-agricultural", a sharp fall in agricultural labor force, and from low productivity of agricultural sector to high 90 degree pipe fitting long radius elbow productivity of the non-agricultural sector, is conducive to improving the social labor productivity level; Two is to accelerate the "urbanization", rural labor declined dramatically, and from the low level of consumption of rural towns transferred to higher consumer spending and has proved to be a large number of rural labor transfer to urban areas, to constantly improve the level of consumption of the whole society.
Fourth, to maintain economic growth is the key to improve the total factor productivity (T F P). From a technical level gap between China and the most developed countries, China also has the very big can make full use of advantage of backwardness ""; Come from China's independent innovation ability, more and more strong, not only will be keep pace with the United States, the European Union, the world's innovation center and can be used the size of the market is more and more big, with the same size as the United States, the European Union effect; Three efficiency from a technical perspective, China also has greatly improved space. We estimate that between 2011 and 2030, total factor growth rate of 3. 6%, driven by factors to innovation driven significant change.
So the next twenty years, is refers to the 2011 to 2030, China's economic growth rate how high? , according to research pipe fitting 45 degree LR elbows led by hu angang group during the period of 2011-2030, without considering the ecological constraint conditions, reckons that China's potential growth rate G D P interval for 5. 9% and 9. 2%, the actual G D P growth potential in 7. 9%. When considering the energy supply, resource consumption, ecological environment, carbon dioxide emissions four hard constraints, but also take into account the development goals of the Chinese government is no longer the pursuit of high growth, but the pursuit of quality of growth, lower economic growth, then, moderate growth rate of 7.5% over the next 20 years. Among them, the moderate growth rate of 8% during the 2011-2020. Moderate growth rate of 7% during the 2021-2030.
From the source of economic growth, had the advantage of the following aspects:
First, China is still maintaining high domestic savings rate and domestic investment, material capital investment 45 degree short radius pipe fitting elbows growth rate is still maintaining high growth.
Second, China remained relatively high growth rate of human capital. Education, talent, and the rapid development of science and technology, has brought the higher value-added human capital for China dividend, as a direct positive effect and the surplus offset and more than reduce the negative effects brought by the "demographic dividend".
Third, the growth rate of labor input in the whole society fell, but the non-agricultural employment in cities and towns and sustained growth. This results the structure effect of two aspects: one is to accelerate the "industrialization" or "non-agricultural", a sharp fall in agricultural labor force, and from low productivity of agricultural sector to high 90 degree pipe fitting long radius elbow productivity of the non-agricultural sector, is conducive to improving the social labor productivity level; Two is to accelerate the "urbanization", rural labor declined dramatically, and from the low level of consumption of rural towns transferred to higher consumer spending and has proved to be a large number of rural labor transfer to urban areas, to constantly improve the level of consumption of the whole society.
Fourth, to maintain economic growth is the key to improve the total factor productivity (T F P). From a technical level gap between China and the most developed countries, China also has the very big can make full use of advantage of backwardness ""; Come from China's independent innovation ability, more and more strong, not only will be keep pace with the United States, the European Union, the world's innovation center and can be used the size of the market is more and more big, with the same size as the United States, the European Union effect; Three efficiency from a technical perspective, China also has greatly improved space. We estimate that between 2011 and 2030, total factor growth rate of 3. 6%, driven by factors to innovation driven significant change.
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